She will next play China's Zheng Qinwen, who beat Italian Lucia Bronzetti 6-3 4-6 6-4, in the round of 16.
"It's a very tough match from both of us," said Jabeur, last year's runner-up.
The Tunisian broke back with a nice backhand slice in the ninth game but handed Bouzkova another break with a double fault on set point.
Jabeur said she expects a big challenge from fourth-round foe Zheng, against whom she retired in their last meeting in Toronto in 2022.
Reporting by Amy Tennery in New York; Editing by Lincoln Feast and Edwina GibbsOur Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.
Persons:
Colombia's Camila Osorio, Mike Segar, Czech Marie Bouzkova, Arthur Ashe, China's Zheng Qinwen, Italian Lucia Bronzetti, Bouzkova, Jabeur, nodded, Zheng, Amy Tennery, Lincoln, Edwina Gibbs
Organizations:
Tunisian, Wimbledon, ESPN, Thomson
Locations:
Flushing Meadows , New York, United States, Czech, U.S, Tunisian, Italian, Cincinnati, Toronto, New York